Collective Memory in Post-Genocide Societies: Rethinking Enduring Trauma and Resilience in Halabja

Abstract This article investigates the collective memory that occurred as a result of chemical attack on Halabja, March 16, 1988. In light discussions deal with and reconciliation in post-genocide societies, we look at how “postmemory” are formed among survivors their descendants. The merit is it brings together victim's accounts creates bottom-up perspective challenges official created by Kurdish non-Kurdish elites part top-down narratives what happened day Halabja should be commemorated. interviewee illustrate people consider an enduring trauma shared rendering past continues to shape identity. While each generation transfers this next, they also seek justice via commemoration practices outside discourses. narratives, reprobation not directed solely toward Saddam Hussein regime, but current rulers Kurdistan Region well.